Chandler DNA Project

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Goals

This is an all-volunteer project that seeks to identify any and all lines of Chandlers worldwide and the relationships among them, using DNA testing and any other tools at our disposal. Since the Chandler surname for the most part is occupational in origin, we presume there are many independent lines, but we are nonetheless hoping to find genetic links where none were previously known. The most obvious type of connection that we hope to find -- and the only type that we can realistically expect -- is the link between a family in England and its colonial offshoots, either in America or in other former British colonies. Nonetheless, we have already found some unexpected connections, and there may be more.

The project is supported by the participation of the Chandler Family Association (CFA), the Edmund Chandler Family Association (ECFA), and the global Chandler One-Name Study.
 

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Early Chandler Immigrants

Note: Source references for statements made herein are available from one or more of the Chandler DNA Project administrators.

John Chandler of Jamestown, Virginia

The earliest known Chandler to settle in the New World was immigrant JOHN CHANDLER who landed at Jamestown on Sunday, June 10, 1610. He had traveled among about 30 settlers aboard the "Hercules," smallest of three ships in the expedition led by Sir Thomas West of Hampshire, Lord Delaware.

Fragmentary land records in Elizabeth City County (now City of Hampton) make it virtually certain John's older son and heir was JOHN II, but this male line ended with JOHN IV in 1728.

Living descendants of ROBERT, believed on good circumstantial evidence to be a younger son of immigrant John, number in the thousands in the United States, perhaps a majority of them still residing in the South and near Southwest. We hope to identify and connect descendants of Robert to each other and to any other related lines in either hemisphere.

Immigrant John may have had a brother named NICHOLAS who remained in England or settled in the West Indies. A search for him and possible descendants is in progress, as is a search for evidence of immigrant John's English home.

See Group 7 below.

Edmund Chandler of Duxbury, Massachusetts

EDMUND CHANDLER settled in Duxbury by 1633 and died there in 1662. He had gone with the "Pilgrim" Separatists to Leiden and probably arrived in the Plymouth Colony around 1630. His origins are unknown. There are many descendants living today, and we hope to connect them in this project.

Roger Chandler of Duxbury and/or Concord, Massachusetts

ROGER CHANDLER was another early settler in Duxbury with a history similar to Edmund's. Although Roger had a family, it is not known whether his male line survived. Nonetheless, there was also a ROGER CHANDLER who appeared in Concord, Massachusetts, by about 1670, and many of his descendants believe this second Roger was the son of the first. Since the first Roger is thought to be related to Edmund, it is possible that DNA testing will show a match between the descendants of Edmund and those of the second Roger. Such a match would not prove the two Rogers to be father and son, but would lend support to that notion.

William Chandler of Roxbury, Massachusetts

WILLIAM and ANNIS CHANDLER settled in Roxbury in 1637. William died in 1641, but left a numerous progeny who soon dispersed to other parts of Massachusetts and Connecticut. This family came from the town of Bishops Stortford in Hertfordshire, where Chandlers have been traced back to 1521. We have already connected descendants of two and tentatively of the third of William's three surviving sons and hope to connect other Chandlers of Hertfordshire.

See Group 9 below.

William Chandler of Newbury, Massachusetts

WILLIAM CHANDLER settled in Newbury by about 1650 and lived there five decades. He was born c1617 (as calculated from his age at death), but his place of origin is not known. By three different wives, all named Mary, he had many children, including three sons. However, his line seems to be less prolific than other New England Chandlers. Even so, we hope to identify and connect his descendants in this project.

John Chandler of Accomack County, Virginia

This JOHN CHANDLER surfaces in 1683. He and his wife MARGARET were paid for being witnesses in a court case on August 6, 1690. One or both appear in numerous Accomack records until John's death between January 23 (will date) and March 4, 1728/9 (probate date). The will did not mention his wife, but named children HATHAN FETTAPLACE, SOLOMON, BRIDGETT, and ABIGAIL and son-in-law William Phillips. John was probably born about 1648.

An apparent son, JOHN, predeceased his father in 1728, leaving a short will dated June 1 and probated September 3, 1728, leaving his entire estate to his wife "until this crop is finished," then 1/3 to wife and remainder to be "divided among my children," none named. Joanna Chandler presented the will and was named executrix, so she was almost certainly the widow.

Chandlers of Pennsylvania and Delaware

GEORGE CHANDLER emigrated from Wiltshire in 1686, but died on the voyage. His widow JANE and seven or eight children settled in the part of Pennsylvania that later became Delaware. He was one of the Chandlers of Wilcot parish in Wiltshire, who have been traced back to 1524. We have found through DNA testing that John Chandler of Jamestown is related to this family, as well as to other Chandlers of Hampshire, and we hope to find the common origin of these Chandlers.

See Group 7 below.

John Chandler of Charles County, Maryland

This JOHN CHANDLER first appears c1710 at/near Port Tobacco, where he acquired several tracts of land in the next 20 years. JOB CHANDLER (1623-1660) had patented about 1200 acres in and around Port Tobacco 1651-1660, but he could not be the ancestor of this John. Richard, one of Job's two sons, died without issue. Job's other son William had only two sons (Richard and William), both of whom died unmarried and without issue. John was probably born by 1685 and died between January 17 (will date) and 19 (probate date), 1735, leaving his widow ANN, daughter of William Penn (not the Pennsylvania Quaker) and children JOHN, WILLIAM, STEPHEN, ANN, MARY, and SARAH.

Rev. Isaac Chanler of Ashely River, South Carolina

REV. ISAAC CHANLER is said by some to have been born at Bristol, England, in 1700, while others (including a family biographer) suggest a somewhat earlier birth date at an unknown place. He was a minister on Ashely River near Charleston, SC, from about 1733 until his death in 1749. He left a long and interesting will dated May 20, 1749. His son ISAAC took his medical degree at the University of Edinburgh before returning home, where he was among the founders of what became the Medical University of South Carolina. The surname of this line is consistently spelled "CHANLER" in recent times, but consistent spelling is not to be expected before the 19th century. We have already included one descendant in the project and hope to include at least one more to pin down the ancestral DNA pattern.
 

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How The Project Works

For an introduction to the field of DNA-assisted genealogy, visit Chris Pomery's DNA web page or look through a brief glossary of genetics terms. In case you want just the shortest possible description, here it is: the DNA test measures the lengths of certain specific sequences on the Y chromosome. By comparing these lengths for different test subjects, we can deduce approximately how closely the testees are related.

Note: the Y chromosome occurs only in males and is passed down more-or-less unchanged from father to son, and so this testing follows only male lineages. It is the simplicity of this inheritance mechanism that makes Y DNA directly useful for genealogy, unlike all the other chromosomes, which are shuffled and recombined from one generation to the next. Moreover, the Y DNA can track a lineage through name changes, adoptions, illegitimacy, and eras of poor record-keeping.

Further note: these particular DNA sequences are not found within genes and have no known genetic function. Thus, the test is not designed to reveal physical characteristics or innate tendencies. The reason it works for genealogical purposes is that the observed changes in sequence length are neither harmful nor helpful; they simply happen now and then, and they persist because the body doesn't notice the difference. These persistent-yet-changeable variations are the markers that allow us to tell families apart.

We have arranged with Family Tree DNA (FTDNA) to offer a reduced, group rate of $148 (plus shipping) per 25-locus DNA test to members of our project. Similar discounts apply to the 12-, 37-, and 67-locus tests. The test kit is very simple and comes in the mail with complete instructions: basically, it contains two or three little swabs to be rubbed on the inside of the mouth to collect some loose cells. The swabs are then popped into containers and mailed back to the lab. The kit comes with an optional release form that requests FTDNA to give your email address to any present or future FTDNA testee who matches you closely on the DNA test. If you decide not to sign the release form, or forget to send it in, your privacy will be protected, and FTDNA will not notify you or anyone else about matches with your DNA. There is also a space on the form for the country of origin of your earliest known male-line ancestor -- this item is optional and has no immediate bearing on this project because we are comparing individuals, rather than countries.
 

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Searching for Matches

Some of the test results in our tables came from outside the project. The first of these is 11143, a Chandler who tested privately with FTDNA about a year before the project began. Although he did not join the project in the beginning, he had uploaded his results to an on-line database, and we included them here from that source, but we had only some sketchy information about his ancestry indicating he belonged in Group 9. Since then, he has joined the project and confirmed his lineage. His results can still also be seen in his record in the YSEARCH database. YSEARCH provides for searching by surname in addition to searching for matching haplotypes. (As of May 2007, there were 65 Chandlers listed in YSEARCH). We urge members of our project to upload their results to YSEARCH, particularly those who do not yet have a match within the project.

Another on-line database has been provided by the Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation (SMGF). Each sample in the database is accompanied by a pedigree of at least four generations, though names and dates of post-1900 persons are blanked out in these pedigrees. The surname of the test subject is displayed on the search results page, along with an indicator for each marker whether the search value matches the test subject. The lookup procedure is rather tedious, but we have an index of direct links to the search results for all haplotypes in our project, including the necessary translations of markers that are counted differently by different testing labs. As of 2006, there were three Chandlers in this database, two of them direct participants in this project (21174 and 30251) and one not (sm11). For the former, all markers that were tested by both FTDNA and SMGF have the same results from both organizations after applying the translations. In 2008, three more Chandlers appeared in the database. Two of these are are only partially tested, and it is not yet clear whether they match any of our direct participants, but they match each other and are apparently a father-son pair.
 

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Information

For more information, write to our administrators.
Group Administrator: Joseph (Joe) Chandler joechandler@yahoo.com
Co-Administrators: john.chandler at alum.mit.edu, GlennChandler at austin.rr.com, Docabye at aol.com, ducks777 at hotmail.com, dchandler at sunwave.net
 

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Chandler DNA Fund

FTDNA has established a fund to be used within our project to help defray the costs of DNA testing. The intent of this fund is to secure the participation of potential testees who seem likely to contribute to the success of the project as a whole and who otherwise could not (or would not) join. However, the amount of money in the fund is quite small. If you would like to make a donation, please visit the contribution web page. Note that donations can be made either on line (by credit card or PayPal) or by mail. It is important to specify the Chandler project in the appropriate place on the form, so that the donation is properly credited. In the on-line form, this place is a box labeled "Item" near the top. In the same box, you may specify how the donation is to be used and/or that it is a memorial.

Some examples:

If your restriction is more complicated, it would be helpful to send an email to the project administrator, spelling out the details.

http://www.familytreedna.com/contribution.html

Thank you for your help.
 

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Project News


 
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Results

The following are the DNA test results we have obtained so far. Most of these are from FTDNA, but we welcome results from any lab. We show the loci here in the same order as FTDNA reports. Comparison of these results is complicated by the fact that we have a mix of 12-, 25-, 37-, and 67-locus tests, but we have identified many groups with reasonable certainty. Some testees do not match anyone else in the project (yet) and have been placed in the "Other" group. Each group is shown in Table 1 with the name of the most recent common ancestor (if known or presumed). Clicking on the group number will navigate to a collection of notes about the group or about specific members in it. Group members who match the DNA but have different lineages are marked with an asterisk. For these, and for those in the "Other" group, the earliest conventionally confirmed male-line ancestor is shown in Table 4. Clicking on the asterisk will navigate directly to the Table 4 entry.

Members who have tested at FTDNA are identified here by their kit numbers. (Kit numbers prefixed with "N" are from the Genographic Project.) Test subjects from other labs or who have not joined our project are represented by their YSEARCH identifiers (a sequence of five letters and/or digits) or by an arbitrary code for SMGF participants ("sm" followed by two digits).

The results here are divided into three batches. Table 1 shows the first 25 loci tested by FTDNA. Table 2 shows more loci from FTDNA, as well as from Relative Genetics or SMGF. Table 3 shows still more loci from FTDNA. The same color coding by group applies to all three tables.

Within each group, the results that do not agree with the group consensus, if any, are colored gray. If there is no clear consensus, then the entire column is colored gray.


 
Table 1. Chandler Haplotypes (basic loci).
(click on an arrow at the end of a row to see the continuation in Table 2)
Note: this table reflects the 2003 change in nomenclature at FTDNA for DYS464.
DYS
Locus: 		3
9
3		 3
9
0
1
9		 3
9
1		 3
8
5
a		 3
8
5
b		 4
2
6		 3
8
8		 4
3
9		 3
8
9
i		 3
9
2		 3
8
9
ii		 4
5
8		 4
5
9
a		 4
5
9
b		 4
5
5		 4
5
4		 4
4
7		 4
3
7		 4
4
8		 4
4
9		 4
6
4
a		 4
6
4
b		 4
6
4
c		 4
6
4
d
ID
Group 1 (? John Chandler of Jefferies Creek, SC, 1739)
21226 12 24 16 10 11 19 11 15 12 12 11 28 16 8 9 11 11 28 16 19 28 13 15 15 17 >
21814 12 24 16 10 10 19 11 15 12 12 11 28 16 8 9 11 11 28 16 19 29 13 15 15 17 >
26898 12 24 16 10 10 19 11 15 12 12 11 28 16 8 9 11 11 28 16 19 28 13 15 15 15
28912 12 24 16 10 10 19 11 15 12 12 11 28
30780 12 24 16 10 10 19 11 15 12 12 11 28
43470 12 24 16 10 11 19 11 15 12 12 11 28 16 8 9 11 11 28 16 19 28 13 15 15 17 >
Group 2 (Henry Chandler of Johnson Co, KY, 1815-1875)
24531 13 22 14 10 11 15 12 12 11 13 13 29 17 9 10 11 11 24 15 19 30 15 16 17 18 >
24813 13 23 14 10 11 15 12 12 11 13 13 29 17 9 10 11 11 24 15 19 30 15 16 17 18 >
39519 13 23 14 10 11 15 12 12 11 13 13 29 17 9 10 11 11 24 15 19 30 15 16 17 18 >
39520* 13 23 14 10 11 15 12 12 11 13 13 29 17 9 10 11 11 24 15 19 30 15 16 17 18 >
86464* 13 23 14 10 11 15 12 12 11 13 13 29 17 9 10 11 11 24 15 19 30 15 16 17 18 >
Group 3
24740 13 24 14 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 13 28
27320 13 24 14 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 13 28 16 9 9 11 12 26 15 19 29 15 15 17 17 >
31120* 13 24 14 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 13 28 16 9 9 11 11 26 15 19 29 15 15 17 17 >
31428 13 24 14 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 13 28 16 9 9 11 11 26 15 19 29 15 15 17 17
43134 13 24 14 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 13 28 16 9 9 11 11 26 15 19 29 15 15 17 17 >
N23381 13 24 14 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 13 28 16 9 9 11 11 26 15 19 29 14 15 17 17 >
DYS
Locus: 		3
9
3		 3
9
0
1
9		 3
9
1		 3
8
5
a		 3
8
5
b		 4
2
6		 3
8
8		 4
3
9		 3
8
9
i		 3
9
2		 3
8
9
ii		 4
5
8		 4
5
9
a		 4
5
9
b		 4
5
5		 4
5
4		 4
4
7		 4
3
7		 4
4
8		 4
4
9		 4
6
4
a		 4
6
4
b		 4
6
4
c		 4
6
4
d
ID
Group 4 (Thomas Chandler of Amelia Co, VA, d. c1795)
25810 13 24 14 10 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 28 17 7 10 11 11 25 15 18 30 16 16 17 17 >
26628 13 24 14 10 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 28 17 7 10 11 11 25 15 18 30 16 16 17 17 >
29111 13 24 14 10 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 28 17 7 10 11 11 25 15 18 30 16 16 17 17 >
97545 13 24 14 10 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 28 17 7 10 11 11 25 15 18 30 16 16 17 17 >
101867 13 24 14 10 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 28 17 7 10 11 11 25 15 18 30 16 16 17 17 >
Group 5 (Samuel Chandler of Lynches River, SC, d. 1786)
21174 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 11 13 13 30 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 15 17 18 >
22966 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 11 13 13 30 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 15 17 18
25035 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 11 13 13 30
25693* 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 11 13 13 30 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 15 17 18
25699 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 11 13 13 30 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 15 17 18
30060 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 11 13 13 30
33931 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 11 13 13 30
110907 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 11 13 13 30 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 15 17 18 >
Group 6 (Elias Chandler, 1826-1890, Lynches River, SC)
22479 13 23 15 11 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 29
26835 13 23 15 10 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 29
DYS
Locus: 		3
9
3		 3
9
0
1
9		 3
9
1		 3
8
5
a		 3
8
5
b		 4
2
6		 3
8
8		 4
3
9		 3
8
9
i		 3
9
2		 3
8
9
ii		 4
5
8		 4
5
9
a		 4
5
9
b		 4
5
5		 4
5
4		 4
4
7		 4
3
7		 4
4
8		 4
4
9		 4
6
4
a		 4
6
4
b		 4
6
4
c		 4
6
4
d
ID
Group 7
7A (Robert Chandler, 1659-1720, ? grandson of 1610 immigrant John)
21364 15 23 14 10 15 15 11 13 11 13 12 31 15 8 10 11 11 25 14 20 28 11 14 15 15 >
22494 15 23 14 10 15 15 11 13 11 13 12 31
24346 15 23 14 10 15 15 11 13 11 13 12 31
24967 15 23 14 10 15 15 11 13 11 13 12 31
24968 15 23 14 10 15 16 11 13 11 13 12 31
25781 15 23 14 10 15 15 11 13 11 13 12 31 15 8 10 11 11 25 14 20 28 11 14 15 15 >
25797* 15 23 14 10 15 15 11 13 12 13 12 31
26443 15 23 14 10 15 15 11 13 11 13 12 31 15 8 10 11 11 25 14 20 28 11 14 15 15 >
26949 15 23 14 10 15 15 11 13 11 13 12 31 15 8 10 11 11 25 14 20 28 11 14 15 15 >
27183 15 23 14 10 15 15 11 13 11 13 12 31 15 8 10 11 11 25 14 20 28 11 14 15 15 >
27574 15 23 14 10 15 15 11 13 11 13 12 31 15 8 10 11 11 25 14 20 28 11 14 15 15 >
28053 15 23 14 10 15 15 11 13 11 13 12 31
30466 15 23 14 10 15 15 11 13 12 13 12 31 15 8 10 11 11 24 14 20 28 11 14 15 15 >
30734 15 23 14 10 15 15 11 13 11 13 12 31 15 8 10 11 11 25 14 20 28 11 14 15 15 >
30744 15 23 14 10 15 15 11 13 11 13 12 31 15 8 10 11 11 25 14 20 29 11 14 15 15 >
30859* 15 23 14 10 15 15 11 13 11 13 12 31 15 8 10 11 11 25 14 20 28 11 14 15 15 >
30943 15 23 14 10 15 15 11 13 11 13 12 31
31074 15 23 14 10 15 15 11 13 11 13 12 31 15 8 10 11 11 25 14 20 28 11 14 15 15 >
31157 15 23 14 10 15 15 11 13 11 13 12 31 15 8 10 11 11 25 14 20 28 11 14 15 15 >
31431 15 23 14 10 15 15 11 13 11 13 12 31 15 8 10 11 11 25 14 20 28 11 14 15 15 >
31480 15 23 14 10 15 15 11 13 11 13 12 31
32471 15 23 14 10 15 15 11 13 11 13 12 31
32771 15 23 14 10 15 15 11 13 11 13 12 31
32805 15 23 14 10 15 15 11 13 11 13 12 31 15 8 10 11 11 25 14 20 28 11 14 15 15 >
33205* 15 23 14 10 15 15 11 13 11 13 12 33 15 8 10 11 11 25 14 20 28 11 14 15 15
33491 15 23 14 10 15 15 11 13 11 13 12 31 15 8 10 11 11 25 14 20 28 11 14 15 15 >
40185 15 23 14 10 15 15 11 13 11 13 12 31 15 8 10 11 11 24 14 20 28 11 14 15 15 >
40437* 15 23 14 10 15 16 11 13 11 13 12 31 15 8 10 11 11 25 14 20 28 11 14 15 15 >
40471* 14 23 14 10 15 15 11 13 11 13 12 31 15 8 10 11 11 25 14 20 28 11 14 15 16 >
41099 15 23 14 10 15 15 11 13 11 13 12 31 15 8 9 11 11 25 14 20 28 11 14 15 15
41740 15 23 14 10 15 15 11 13 11 13 12 31 15 8 10 11 11 25 14 20 29 11 14 15 15 >
43128 15 23 14 10 15 15 11 13 11 13 12 31
43136 15 23 14 10 14 15 11 13 11 13 12 31 15 8 10 11 11 25 14 20 28 11 14 15 15 >
43379 15 23 14 10 15 15 11 13 11 13 12 31 15 8 10 11 11 25 14 20 28 11 14 15 15 >
44231* 15 23 14 10 15 15 11 13 11 13 12 31
45236 15 23 14 10 15 15 11 13 11 13 12 31 15 8 10 11 11 25 14 20 28 11 14 15 15
46658 15 23 14 10 15 15 11 13 11 13 12 31
48607 15 23 14 10 15 15 11 13 11 13 12 31
49221 15 23 14 10 15 15 11 13 11 13 12 31 15 8 10 11 11 25 14 20 28 11 14 15 15 >
55830 15 23 14 10 15 15 11 13 11 13 12 31 15 8 10 11 11 25 14 20 28 11 14 15 15
57244 15 23 14 10 15 15 11 13 11 13 12 31 15 8 10 11 11 25 14 20 28 11 14 15 15 >
59801 15 23 14 10 15 15 11 13 11 13 12 31 15 8 10 11 11 25 14 20 28 11 14 15 15 >
61525* 15 23 14 10 15 15 11 13 11 13 12 31 15 8 10 11 11 25 14 20 28 11 14 15 15 >
67037 15 23 14 10 15 15 11 13 11 13 12 31 15 8 10 11 11 25 14 20 28 11 14 15 15 >
68643 15 23 14 10 15 15 11 13 11 13 12 31 15 8 10 11 11 25 14 20 28 11 14 15 15 >
73979 15 23 14 10 15 15 11 13 11 13 12 31 15 8 10 11 11 25 14 20 28 11 14 15 15 >
74001 15 23 14 10 15 15 11 13 11 13 12 31 15 8 10 11 11 25 14 20 27 11 14 15 15 >
74575 15 23 14 10 15 15 11 13 11 13 12 31 15 8 10 11 11 25 14 20 28 11 14 15 15 >
75538 15 23 14 10 15 15 11 13 11 13 12 31 15 8 10 11 11 25 14 20 28 11 14 15 15
76516 15 23 14 10 15 15 11 13 11 13 12 31 15 8 10 11 11 25 14 20 28 11 14 15 15 >
78046 15 23 14 10 15 15 11 13 11 13 12 31 15 8 10 11 11 25 14 20 28 11 14 15 15 >
78264 15 23 14 10 15 15 11 13 11 13 12 31 15 8 10 11 11 25 14 20 28 11 14 15 15 >
79064 15 23 14 10 15 15 11 13 11 13 12 31 15 8 10 11 11 24 14 20 28 11 14 15 15 >
79327 15 23 14 10 15 15 11 13 11 13 12 31 15 8 10 11 11 25 14 20 28 11 14 15 15 >
83967 15 23 14 10 15 15 11 13 11 13 12 31 15 8 10 11 11 25 14 20 27 11 14 15 15 >
85402 15 23 14 10 15 15 11 13 11 13 12 31 15 8 10 11 11 25 14 20 28 11 14 15 15 >
86129 15 23 14 10 15 15 11 13 11 13 12 31
86736 15 23 14 10 15 15 11 13 11 13 12 31 15 8 9 11 11 25 14 20 27 11 14 15 15 >
88250* 15 23 14 10 15 16 11 13 11 13 12 30 15 8 10 11 11 25 14 20 28 11 14 15 15 >
95931* 16 23 14 10 15 16 11 13 11 14 12 32 15 8 10 11 11 25 14 20 28 11 14 15 15 >
101412 15 23 14 10 15 15 11 13 11 13 12 32 15 8 10 11 11 25 14 20 28 11 14 15 15 >
105468* 15 23 14 10 15 15 11 13 11 13 12 32 15 8 10 11 11 25 14 20 28 11 14 15 15 >
N11923 15 23 14 10 15 15 11 13 11 13 12 31
107463* 14 23 14 10 15 15 11 13 11 13 12 31 15 8 10 11 11 25 14 20 28 11 14 15 15 >
114019 15 23 14 10 15 15 11 13 11 13 12 31 15 8 10 11 11 25 14 20 28 14 15 16 16
118468 15 23 14 10 15 15 11 13 11 13 12 31 15 8 10 11 11 25 14 20 28 11 14 15 15
7B (Thomas Chandler, 1570-1629, ? grandfather of 1687 immigrant George)
35934 15 23 14 10 15 15 11 13 11 13 12 31 15 8 10 11 11 25 14 20 28 11 14 15 15 >
43141 15 23 14 10 15 15 11 13 11 13 12 31 15 8 10 11 11 25 14 20 28 11 14 15 15 >
55597 15 23 14 10 14 15 11 13 11 13 12 31 15 8 10 11 11 25 14 20 28 11 14 15 15 >
100477* 15 23 14 10 15 15 11 13 11 13 12 31 16 8 10 11 11 25 14 20 28 11 14 15 15 >
N59539 15 23 14 10 15 15 11 13 11 13 12 31 15 8 10 11 11 25 14 20 28 11 14 15 15 >
sm32 15 23 14 10 14 15 11 13 11 13 12 31 15 8 10 11 11 25 20 28 11 14 15 15 >
7C (other, genetically closer to 7B than 7A - see Table 2)
24262* 15 23 14 10 15 15 11 13 11 13 12 31 15 8 10 11 11 25 14 20 29 11 14 15 15 >
DYS
Locus: 		3
9
3		 3
9
0
1
9		 3
9
1		 3
8
5
a		 3
8
5
b		 4
2
6		 3
8
8		 4
3
9		 3
8
9
i		 3
9
2		 3
8
9
ii		 4
5
8		 4
5
9
a		 4
5
9
b		 4
5
5		 4
5
4		 4
4
7		 4
3
7		 4
4
8		 4
4
9		 4
6
4
a		 4
6
4
b		 4
6
4
c		 4
6
4
d
ID
Group 8 (Robert Chandler, b. c1775 NC/VA, d. c1849 Carroll Co, VA)
24275 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 13 13 13 29 16 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 30 15 15 16 16 >
26107 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 13 13 13 29 16 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 30 15 15 16 17 >
58353* 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 13 13 13 29 16 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 30 15 15 16 17 >
102124* 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 13 13 13 29 16 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 30 15 15 16 17 >
110136* 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 13 13 13 29 16 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 30 15 15 16 17 >
Group 9 (William Chandler of Hertfordshire and Roxbury, MA)
11143 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 11 13 13 29 18 9 9 11 11 25 15 19 30 15 15 17 18 >
29431 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 29 18 9 9 11 11 25 15 19 30 15 15 17 18 >
30251 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 29 18 9 9 11 11 25 15 19 30 15 15 17 18 >
84057 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 29 18 9 9 11 11 25 15 19 30 15 15 17 17 >
112322 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 11 13 13 29 15 15 17 18 >
Group 10 (Thomas Chandler of Basingstoke, ENG, 1728-1782)
27369 11 23 15 10 11 17 11 12 12 14 14 31
34514 11 23 15 10 11 17 11 12 12 14 14 31
74132 11 23 15 10 11 17 11 12 12 15 14 32
Group 11 (Thompson Chandler of Monroe Co, (W)VA, 1811-1877)
24372 13 23 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 29 17 9 10 11 11 24 14 19 28 15 16 17 18 >
41505 13 23 14 11 11 14 12 12 11 13 13 29 17 9 10 11 11 24 14 19 28 15 15 16 17
43640 13 23 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 29 17 9 10 11 11 24 14 19 28 15 16 17 18
DYS
Locus: 		3
9
3		 3
9
0
1
9		 3
9
1		 3
8
5
a		 3
8
5
b		 4
2
6		 3
8
8		 4
3
9		 3
8
9
i		 3
9
2		 3
8
9
ii		 4
5
8		 4
5
9
a		 4
5
9
b		 4
5
5		 4
5
4		 4
4
7		 4
3
7		 4
4
8		 4
4
9		 4
6
4
a		 4
6
4
b		 4
6
4
c		 4
6
4
d
ID
Group 12 (Edward Chandler/Chantler of Lewes, Sussex, c1790-c1835)
35826 13 25 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 29 18 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 15 15 17 >
43135* 13 25 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 29 18 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 15 15 17 >
49503 13 25 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 29 18 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 15 15 17 >
81081* 13 25 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 29 18 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 30 15 15 15 17 >
Group 13 (Philip Chandler of Plymouth Co, MA, 1702-1764)
44534 13 23 14 11 11 15 12 12 13 13 13 29 17 9 10 11 11 26 15 19 28 15 15 16 17 >
60429 13 23 14 11 11 15 12 12 13 13 13 29 17 9 10 11 11 26 15 19 28 15 15 16 17 >
69609 13 23 14 11 11 15 12 12 13 13 13 29 17 9 10 11 11 26 15 19 28 15 15 16 17 >
81526 13 23 14 11 11 15 12 12 13 13 13 29 17 9 10 11 11 26 15 19 28 15 15 16 17 >
Group 14 (Datus W. Chandler 1890-1968)
57749 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 29 17 7 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 15 17 17 >
62667 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 29 17 7 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 15 17 17 >
68779 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 29 17 7 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 15 17 17 >
Group 15 (James E. Chandler, b. c1814 SC, d. >1880 LA)
43131 15 22 15 10 15 15 11 13 11 14 12 31 15 8 10 11 11 26 14 20 27 11 14 14 16 >
43132 15 22 15 10 15 15 11 13 11 14 12 31 15 8 10 11 11 26 14 20 28 11 14 14 16 >
56911 15 22 16 10 15 15 11 13 11 14 12 31 15 8 10 11 11 26 14 20 27 11 14 14 16 >
DYS
Locus: 		3
9
3		 3
9
0
1
9		 3
9
1		 3
8
5
a		 3
8
5
b		 4
2
6		 3
8
8		 4
3
9		 3
8
9
i		 3
9
2		 3
8
9
ii		 4
5
8		 4
5
9
a		 4
5
9
b		 4
5
5		 4
5
4		 4
4
7		 4
3
7		 4
4
8		 4
4
9		 4
6
4
a		 4
6
4
b		 4
6
4
c		 4
6
4
d		 4
6
4
e		 4
6
4
f
ID
Others not in any of the above groups
46918* 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 14 13 31 18 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 30 15 15 15 19
91815 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 14 13 31
47909* 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 13 13 13 29 18 9 9 11 12 25 15 19 30 15 15 16 17 >
102441 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 13 13 13 29 18 9 9 11 12 25 15 19 30 15 15 16 17 >
51954* 14 23 16 10 15 16 11 13 11 13 12 29 15 8 10 11 11 26 15 20 25 11 13 14 15 >
59605* 14 23 17 10 15 16 11 13 11 13 12 29 15 8 10 11 11 26 15 20 26 11 13 14 15 >
64874* 14 23 16 10 15 16 11 13 11 13 12 29 15 8 10 11 11 26 15 20 27 11 14 14 15 >
25311* 13 23 14 11 12 15 12 12 11 13 14 29 16 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 31 14 15 17 17 18
39917* 13 24 14 11 11 15 12 12 12 13 14 29 16 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 31 15 15 15 17 >
55674* 13 24 14 11 11 15 12 12 11 13 14 29 16 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 31 14 15 17 18
86782 13 24 14 10 11 15 12 12 12 13 14 29 16 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 31 15 15 17 18 >
sm33* 9 10 12 15 >
sm34* 9 10 12 15 >
24314* 13 23 14 11 11 14 12 14 16 13 13 29 15 9 10 11 11 26 15 18 29 15 15 16 17 >
30621* 13 23 14 10 13 15 11 14 11 12 11 27 16 8 9 8 11 23 16 20 28 12 14 14 16 >
30806 13 24 14 10 16 17 11 12 13 13 11 31
32709* 13 22 15 10 13 16 11 12 13 12 11 29 17 9 9 11 12 27 16 19 29 13 13 15 15
38067* 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 14 13 30 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 15 15 17
47186 14 23 15 10 11 14 12 12 11 13 14 29 17 9 10 11 12 25 15 17 30 15 15 16 17
48857* 13 23 14 11 11 14 12 12 11 13 13 29 18 9 10 11 11 24 16 19 27 14 15 17 18
54480 12 23 14 10 13 18 11 15 11 13 11 30 17 8 9 11 11 25 14 20 29 12 13 14 15 16 16
55253* 13 25 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 29 17 9 10 11 11 25 14 19 31 15 16 17 18
59460* 15 23 16 10 14 15 11 13 10 12 12 29 16 8 9 11 11 25 14 20 30 12 12 15 17 >
61352* 13 24 14 11 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 29 16 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 28 15 15 16 17 >
82217 13 24 14 10 12 15 12 12 13 13 29 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 29 15 16 16 17 >
89929 13 23 15 10 12 15 11 15 12 14 11 30 18 8 9 11 11 26 14 18 29 11 14 15 15 >
90032* 15 23 15 10 15 15 11 13 11 14 12 31 15 8 9 11 11 25 14 20 27 11 14 14 15 >
102376* 13 24 17 11 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 29 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 30 15 16 16 17 >
104438 13 24 14 10 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 29 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 30 14 14 15 15 >
104635 13 23 14 10 14 15 11 14 11 12 11 28 15 8 9 8 11 23 16 20 28 12 14 15 16 >
107358* 13 23 14 11 11 14 12 12 11 13 13 29 17 9 10 11 11 24 15 19 29 15 16 17 17 >
107780 13 25 14 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 13 29 15 9 10 11 11 24 15 19 30 15 15 16 17 >
110696* 13 24 14 12 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 29 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 20 28 15 15 16 17 >
112540* 12 23 15 10 13 16 11 15 12 13 11 30 14 8 9 11 11 26 14 20 32 11 13 15 16 16 >
114475* 13 22 14 11 14 14 11 14 11 12 11 28 14 8 9 8 11 23 16 20 31 12 14 15 16
114543* 13 23 14 10 11 14 12 12 11 13 13 28 18 9 9 11 11 26 15 19 30 15 15 16 18 >
N26211 13 23 14 10 14 14 11 14 10 12 11 29
h46mu* 13 23 14 10 11 14 12 12 11 13 13 28 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 30 15 15 15 17 >
sm11* 13 26 14 11 11 11 12 12 12 13 13 30 16 9 10 11 11 24 15 19 32 14 15 17 17 >
DYS
Locus: 		3
9
3		 3
9
0
1
9		 3
9
1		 3
8
5
a		 3
8
5
b		 4
2
6		 3
8
8		 4
3
9		 3
8
9
i		 3
9
2		 3
8
9
ii		 4
5
8		 4
5
9
a		 4
5
9
b		 4
5
5		 4
5
4		 4
4
7		 4
3
7		 4
4
8		 4
4
9		 4
6
4
a		 4
6
4
b		 4
6
4
c		 4
6
4
d		 4
6
4
e		 4
6
4
f
* See Table 4 for earliest confirmed ancestor

 
Table 2. Chandler Haplotypes (additional loci from FTDNA and Sorenson)
Note: DYS461 has been converted to new nomenclature as of 2004 June.
(click on an arrow at the end of a row to see the continuation in Table 3)

Locus:
 
4
6
0
H
4		 Y
C
A
II
a		 Y
C
A
II
b
4
5
6
6
0
7
5
7
6
5
7
0		 C
D
Y
a		 C
D
Y
b
4
4
2
4
3
8
4
4
1		 *
4
4
4
4
4
5		 *
4
4
6
4
5
2
4
6
1
4
6
2
4
6
3
A
1
0
C
4		 1
B
0
7
ID
Group 1 (? John Chandler of Jefferies Creek, SC, 1739)
21226 11 11 19 20 13 14 16 16 36 41 11 9
21814 11 11 19 20 13 14 16 16 36 40 11 9
43470 11 11 19 20 13 14 16 16 36 41 11 9
Group 2 (Henry Chandler of Johnson Co, KY, 1815-1875)
24531 11 11 19 23 16 14 19 17 36 37 12 12
24813 11 11 19 23 18 14 19 17 36 37 12 12
39519 11 11 19 23 16 14 19 17 36 37 12 12
39520 11 11 19 23 16 14 19 17 36 37 12 12
86464 11 11 19 23 16 14 19 17 36 37 12 12
Group 3
27320 10 10 19 22 14 15 18 17 36 36 11 12
31120 10 10 19 22 14 15 18 16 35 36 11 12
43134 10 10 19 22 14 15 18 17 36 36 11 12
N23381 10 10 19 22 14 15 18 17 36 36 13 12
Group 4 (Thomas Chandler of Amelia Co, VA, d. c1795)
25810 11 11 19 22 16 15 20 17 37 37 12 12
26628 11 11 19 22 16 15 20 17 37 37 12 12
29111 11 11 19 22 16 15 20 17 36 37 12 12
97545 11 11 19 22 16 15 21 18 37 38 12 12
101867 11 11 19 22 16 15 21 18 37 38 12 12
Group 5 (Samuel Chandler of Lynches River, SC, d. 1786)
21174 11 11 19 23 15 15 18 16 36 36 12 13 12 12 13 11 11 13 23 11
110907 11 11 19 23 15 15 19 16 36 37 12 13

Locus:
 
4
6
0
H
4		 Y
C
A
II
a		 Y
C
A
II
b
4
5
6
6
0
7
5
7
6
5
7
0		 C
D
Y
a		 C
D
Y
b
4
4
2
4
3
8
4
4
1		 *
4
4
4
4
4
5		 *
4
4
6
4
5
2
4
6
1
4
6
2
4
6
3
A
1
0
C
4		 1
B
0
7
ID
Group 7
7A
21364 11 9 19 21 14 14 15 19 33 38 12 10
25781 11 9 19 21 14 14 15 19 33 38 12 10
26443 11 9 19 21 14 14 15 19 33 38 12 10
26949 11 9 19 21 14 14 16 19 33 39 12 10
27183 11 9 19 21 14 14 15 19 32 38 12 10 13 11 >
27574 11 9 19 21 14 14 15 19 33 38 12 10
30466 11 9 19 21 15 14 15 19 33 38 12 10
30734 11 9 19 21 14 14 16 19 33 38 12 10
30744 11 9 19 21 14 14 15 19 33 38 12 10
30859 11 9 19 21 14 14 15 19 33 38 12 10
31074 11 9 19 21 14 14 15 19 33 38 12 10
31157 11 9 19 21 14 14 15 19 33 38 12 10 13 11 >
31431 11 9 19 21 14 14 15 19 33 38 12 10
32805 11 9 19 21 14 14 15 19 33 38 12 10
33491 11 9 19 21 14 14 15 19 33 38 12 10
40185 11 9 19 21 14 14 15 19 33 38 12 10
40437 11 9 19 21 14 14 15 19 33 38 12 10
40471 11 9 19 21 14 14 15 19 33 38 12 10
41740 11 9 19 21 14 14 15 19 33 38 12 10
43136 11 9 19 21 14 14 15 19 33 38 12 10
43379 11 9 19 21 14 14 15 19 33 38 12 10
49221 11 9 19 21 14 14 15 19 33 38 12 10
57244 11 9 19 21 14 14 15 19 33 38 12 10
59801 11 9 19 21 14 14 15 19 33 39 12 10 13 11 >
61525 11 9 19 21 14 14 15 18 33 38 12 10
67037 11 9 19 21 14 14 15 19 33 38 12 10
68643 11 9 19 21 14 14 15 19 33 38 12 10
73979 11 9 19 21 14 14 15 19 33 38 12 10
74001 11 9 19 21 14 14 15 19 34 38 12 10
74575 11 9 19 21 14 14 15 18 33 38 12 10 13 11 >
76516 11 9 19 21 14 14 15 19 33 39 12 10 13 11 >
78046 11 9 19 21 14 14 15 19 33 38 12 10 13 10 11 13 13 12 12 21
78264 11 9 19 21 14 14 16 19 33 38 12 10
79064 11 9 19 21 14 14 15 19 33 38 12 10
79327 11 9 19 21 14 14 14 19 33 38 12 10 12 11 >
83967 11 9 19 21 14 14 15 19 33 38 12 10
85402 11 9 19 21 14 14 15 19 33 38 12 10
86736 11 9 19 21 14 14 15 19 33 38 12 10
88250 11 9 19 21 14 14 15 19 33 38 12 10
95931 11 9 19 21 14 14 15 19 33 38 12 10 13 11 >
101412 11 9 19 21 14 14 15 19 33 38 12 10
105468 11 9 19 21 14 14 15 19 33 39 12 10
107463 11 9 19 21 14 14 15 19 33 38 12 10
7B
35934 11 9 19 21 14 14 17 19 33 37 12 10
43141 11 9 21 21 13 14 17 19 33 38 12 10
55597 11 9 19 21 14 14 17 19 33 38 12 10
100477 11 9 19 21 14 14 17 19 33 38 12 10
N59539 11 9 19 21 14 14 17 19 34 38 12 10
sm32 11 9 19 21 14 10 13 10 13 20
7C
24262 10 9 19 21 14 14 17 19 33 37 12 10 13 11 >

Locus:
 
4
6
0
H
4		 Y
C
A
II
a		 Y
C
A
II
b
4
5
6
6
0
7
5
7
6
5
7
0		 C
D
Y
a		 C
D
Y
b
4
4
2
4
3
8
4
4
1		 *
4
4
4
4
4
5		 *
4
4
6
4
5
2
4
6
1
4
6
2
4
6
3
A
1
0
C
4		 1
B
0
7
ID
Group 8 (Robert Chandler, b. c1775 NC/VA, d. c1849 Carroll Co, VA)
24275 11 10 19 23 15 14 20 16 35 39 12 12
26107 11 10 19 23 15 13 20 16 35 39 12 12
58353 11 10 19 23 15 14 20 16 35 40 12 12
102124 11 10 19 23 15 14 20 16 35 39 12 12
110136 11 10 19 23 15 14 19 16 35 39 12 12
Group 9 (William Chandler of Hertfordshire and Roxbury, MA)
11143 11 11 19 19 17 15 18 16 38 40 12 12 13 12 13 13 12 12 11 22 13 23 10 >
29431 10 11 19 19 17 15 19 16 38 40 12 12 12 13 >
30251 10 11 19 19 17 15 19 17 38 41 12 12 13 12 12 13 11 12 11 22 13 23 10
84057 10 11 19 19 17 15 19 17 37 40 12 12
112322 11 19 19 19 16 38 40 12 22
Group 11 (Thompson Chandler of Monroe Co, (W)VA, 1811-1877)
24372 11 10 19 23 16 14 19 18 37 38 12 12
Group 12 (Edward Chandler/Chantler of Lewes, Sussex, c1790-c1835)
35826 11 11 19 22 15 15 19 17 37 40 12 12
43135 11 11 19 22 15 15 20 17 37 39 12 12
49503 11 11 19 22 15 15 19 18 37 40 12 12
81081 11 11 19 22 15 15 22 17 37 40 12 12
Group 13 (Philip Chandler of Plymouth Co, MA, 1702-1764)
44534 11 11 19 22 16 14 17 19 34 39 12 12
60429 11 11 19 22 16 14 17 17 35 39 12 12
69609 11 11 19 22 16 14 17 17 35 39 12 12
81526 11 11 19 22 16 14 17 17 35 39 12 12
Group 14 (Datus W. Chandler 1890-1968)
57749 11 11 19 23 16 15 20 17 37 39 12 12 12 14 >
62667 11 11 19 23 16 15 20 17 37 39 12 12 12 14 >
68779 11 11 19 23 16 15 20 17 37 39 12 12
Group 15 (James E. Chandler c1814 SC)
43131 11 9 19 21 14 14 17 19 35 38 12 10
43132 11 9 19 21 14 14 17 19 35 38 12 10
56911 11 9 19 21 14 14 17 20 35 38 12 10 13 11 >

Locus:
 
4
6
0
H
4		 Y
C
A
II
a		 Y
C
A
II
b
4
5
6
6
0
7
5
7
6
5
7
0		 C
D
Y
a		 C
D
Y
b
4
4
2
4
3
8
4
4
1		 *
4
4
4
4
4
5		 *
4
4
6
4
5
2
4
6
1
4
6
2
4
6
3
A
1
0
C
4		 1
B
0
7
ID
Others not in any of the above groups
47909 11 11 19 23 15 15 17 17 38 38 12 12
102441 11 11 19 23 15 15 18 17 38 38 11 12
51954 10 10 19 19 17 15 18 19 33 35 12 10
59605 10 10 19 19 17 15 18 19 32 35 12 10
64874 10 10 19 19 18 15 18 19 33 35 12 10
39917 11 11 19 23 16 15 19 17 37 37 11 12
86782 11 11 19 23 16 15 19 17 37 37 11 12
sm33 16 12 13 12 13 11 11 13 23 10
sm34 16 12 13 12 13 11 11 13 23 10
24314 10 11 19 23 15 15 17 18 36 39 12 13
30621 10 10 19 21 15 14 16 21 36 36 12 10 14 12 >
59460 11 13 19 20 14 14 18 17 34 39 14 10
61352 11 11 19 23 15 16 16 18 36 39 12 12
82217 10 11 19 23 16 16 17 16 36 40 12 12
89929 10 10 21 21 14 10 17 18 35 35 12 10
90032 11 9 21 21 13 14 17 19 34 40 12 10
102376 10 11 18 23 15 15 17 18 37 38 12 12
104438 11 11 19 23 16 15 19 17 37 38 12 12
104635 11 10 19 21 14 14 16 22 37 37 11 10
107358 11 10 19 23 16 14 17 17 38 40 13 12
107780 11 10 19 22 16 15 17 16 35 39 12 12 12 13 >
110696 11 10 19 24 17 15 16 18 37 40 12 12
112540 11 11 19 22 15 14 17 18 36 40 12 9
114543 11 12 19 23 16 15 18 17 35 38 12 12
h46mu 12 12 19 22 16 12 12 13 12 12 14 11 13 11 22 13 23 10
sm11 11 11 19 22 15 12 12 13 12 12 13 12 12 11 23 12 23 10

Locus:
  		4
6
0
 		 H
4
 		 Y
C
A
II
a		 Y
C
A
II
b		 4
5
6
 		 6
0
7
 		 5
7
6
 		 5
7
0
 		 C
D
Y
a		 C
D
Y
b		 4
4
2
 		 4
3
8
 		 4
4
1
 		 4
4
4
*		 4
4
5
 		 4
4
6
*		 4
5
2
 		 4
6
1
 		 4
6
2
 		 4
6
3
 		 A
1
0
 		 C
4
 		 1
B
0
7
* Also displayed in Table 3

 

 
Table 3. Chandler Haplotypes (more loci from FTDNA)

Locus:
 
5
3
1
5
7
8		 3
9
5
s1
a		 3
9
5
s1
b
5
9
0
5
3
7
6
4
1
4
7
2
4
0
6
s1
5
1
1
4
2
5
4
1
3
a
4
1
3
b
5
5
7
5
9
4
4
3
6
4
9
0
5
3
4
4
5
0		 *
4
4
4
4
8
1
5
2
0		 *
4
4
6
6
1
7
5
6
8
4
8
7
5
7
2
6
4
0
4
9
2
5
6
5
ID
27183 11 8 15 16 8 11 10 8 9 9 12 21 23 15 11 12 12 13 9 13 26 20 11 13 13 12 11 12 14 11
31157 11 8 15 16 8 11 10 8 9 9 12 21 23 15 11 12 12 13 9 13 26 20 11 13 13 12 11 12 14 11
59801 11 8 15 16 8 11 10 8 9 9 12 21 23 15 11 12 12 13 9 13 26 20 11 13 13 12 11 12 14 11
74575 11 8 15 16 8 11 10 8 9 9 12 21 23 15 11 12 12 13 9 13 26 20 11 13 13 12 11 12 14 11
76516 11 8 15 16 8 11 10 8 9 9 12 21 23 15 11 12 12 13 9 13 26 20 11 13 13 12 11 12 14 11
79327 11 8 15 16 8 11 10 8 9 9 12 21 23 15 11 12 12 13 9 12 26 20 11 13 13 12 11 12 14 11
95931 11 8 15 16 8 11 10 8 9 9 12 21 23 15 11 12 12 13 9 13 26 20 11 13 13 12 11 12 14 11
24262 11 8 15 16 8 11 10 8 9 9 12 21 22 15 11 12 12 13 9 13 26 20 11 13 13 12 11 12 14 11
11143 9 9 15 16 8 9 10 8 10 10 12 23 23 16 10 12 12 15 8 12 22 20 13 12 12 13 11 12 12 12
29431 9 9 15 16 8 9 10 8 10 10 12 22 23 16 10 12 12 16 8 12 22 20 13 12 12 13 11 12 12 12
57749 11 9 15 17 8 10 10 8 11 10 12 23 25 16 10 12 12 16 8 12 21 20 14 12 11 13 11 11 12 12
62667 11 9 15 17 8 10 10 8 11 10 12 23 25 16 10 12 12 16 8 12 21 20 14 12 11 13 11 11 12 12
56911 11 8 15 16 8 11 10 8 9 9 12 21 22 13 11 12 12 13 9 13 27 20 11 13 12 12 11 12 12 11
30621 11 8 15 15 8 11 10 8 9 10 12 23 25 15 10 12 12 17 8 14 25 20 12 13 11 12 11 11 12 11
107780 11 9 15 17 8 10 10 8 10 10 12 23 23 15 10 12 12 15 8 12 22 20 13 12 11 13 11 11 13 11
* Also displayed in Table 2

 

Go to table of contents

Notes and Discussion

Main Lessons

The main lessons so far from this project are four-fold:

  1. the Chandler name does indeed have multiple origins, as expected,
  2. connections can indeed be made across the Atlantic, though it isn't easy,
  3. some long-believed relationships will have to be re-examined in the light of this new research tool, while other, previously unsuspected links will be discovered, and
  4. although some groups of Chandlers can easily be distinguished by testing only 12 markers, others require at least 25.

Group 1

This was the first group to be identified as such within the project, and it includes the second and fourth test subjects to join. One of the surprises in the project is that this group does not match Groups 5 or 6, both of which have been living in the same general area as Group 1 for centuries. It was widely believed that conventional research would eventually find a common ancestor for all three groups, but that prospect seems doubtful now with the DNA evidence in hand. To be more precise, we can now rule out any biological male-line link among these groups though it is still conceivable that a non-biological link (such as adoption) could be found.

With the near-agreement of the two 25-marker tests in this group, we can reconstruct the most likely ancestral haplotype for 24 of the first 25 markers, but more tests will be needed to determine the remaining marker.

Group 2

The group numbers were assigned arbitrarily in the summer of 2005, based on sorting the results numerically, starting with DYS393 and continuing with the other markers in FTDNA order. Thus, Group 2 was not the second group identified. Instead, its distinguishing feature is simply that it has low values for DYS390 and a typical value for DYS393.

We can deduce the ancestral haplotype for all 37 markers tested, based on the near-unanimous agreement among the members.

In common with many other Chandlers in the Old South (including Group 1 above), this group was previously thought to descend from John Chandler, the Jamestown immigrant of 1610. However, the DNA testing has now shown clearly that there are several distinct families among these Chandlers. The best evidence at present favors Group 7A as the "Jamestown" group, and therefore the lineages for Group 2 need to be reexamined.

Group 3

The agreement is perfect so far for the first 12 markers among the members of this group, and only two mutations are evident in the next 13 markers. (It's not entirely clear yet which are the mutations and which the ancestral values, but we are assuming the four-to-one majority values are ancestral, pending research on the relationships among the members, or additional test results.) Three more mutations appear in the next 12 markers, but, since only four members have tested up to 37 markers, we have not ventured to deduce the ancestral values for these three additional discrepant markers. We do not yet have the common ancestor identified for this group. The members need to pool their information and come to an agreement.

Group 4

This group has perfect agreement so far on the first 25 markers, and only small discrepancies among the next 12. This is another group formerly thought to have descended from the Jamestown immigrant, largely because the identified common ancestor lived in Virginia, but the DNA results show them to be distinct. The present four members of the group represent two different sons of the common ancestor and four different grandsons.

Group 5

This group includes the first member of the project. Like Group 4, it has perfect agreement on the first 25 markers.

One member has upgraded to 37 markers and has also participated in the SMGF project, thereby almost filling his entry in Table 2. His posted SMGF results include only 29 of the 43-marker panel, but the composite of the FTDNA and SMGF results comprises 45 markers in all. The 21 markers tested by both labs are in perfect agreement. At some point in the future, perhaps the 14 remaining markers will be posted as well (11 overlapping with FTDNA and 3 unique to SMGF).

This group has the special problem of being close to the most common haplotype in Europe. As a result, there are many random matches and near-matches with unrelated people when only 12 markers are compared. Naturally, most of these unrelated matches bear other surnames, but some are in fact Chandlers. In all such cases, it is necessary to test and compare at least 25 markers to be sure that a match is not just a coincidence.

Group 6

This group is just barely distinguishable, having at present only two members, and only 11/12 agreement of their test results. However, they have pinpointed their most recent common ancestor, and the combination of genetic and genealogical information gives added support to the identification.

Group 7

This group includes the third member of the project. It is by far the largest group we have, but that fact does not indicate that "most" Chandlers belong to it. Rather, it means that members of this family have been especially enthusiastic participants in the project.

Group 7 appears to be mostly composed of descendants of the earliest known Chandler immigrant